Civil Dusk - The time at which the sun is 6 degrees below the horizon in the evening. At this time objects are distinguishable, but there is no longer enough light to perform any outdoor activities.

Squall - A sudden increase in wind speed, usually associated with lines of convective thunderstorms. A squall can also be used when describing quick-hitting, heavy lake-effect snow bands.

Inversion - A departure from the usual decrease or increase with altitude of the value of an atmospheric property. The specific region where the deviation occurs is referred to as the inversion layer. In meteorology, the most common type of inversion is a temperature inversion. Normally, the temperature falls off with increasing altitude. When an inversion layer is present, a specific layer of the atmosphere sees an increase in temperature with height.

Stratopause - The boundary or transition layer between the stratosphere and mesosphere. The stratopause is located around 30 miles above the surface of the earth.

Cold Air Damming (CAD) - The phenomenon in which a low-level cold air mass is trapped against a mountain range. Oftentimes,the cold air is entrenched on the east side of the mountain range. Cold Air Damming often implies that the trapped cold air mass is influencing the dynamics of the overlying air mass. Oftentimes warmer air will rise over the cold air banked along the mountain range. At times this can result in freezing rain or snow occurring along the east side of the mountain range. This is a common occurrence in the Appalachians.

Rain Shadow - A region that has a drier climate due to the existence of a mountain range nearby. In the US, the prevailing winds push weather systems from west to east. As these systems move into the mountains, much of the moisture in the system precipitates out, thereby leaving areas on the east side of the mountain range with little to no precipitation by the time the system moves in. This effect is evident in many areas downwind of any major mountain ranges in the western US.

Snow roller - A phenomenon that can occur when there is a wet snow on the ground combined with strong winds. Snow rollers look like the beginnings of the snowballs that humans roll when constructing a snowman.